Logic support chip for AT-type computer with improved bus architecture

ABSTRACT

A support chip includes substantially all the AT core logic, namely most of the X-bus peripherals (except for the keyboard controller), memory controllers, and swapper. The normal AT data paths are altered to reduce the pin count, with a resulting surprising improvement in capability. The chip interfaces to the microprocessor&#39;s local address and data buses and provides a 16-bit data bus corresponding to a 16-bit version of the X-bus data portion (XD-bus). External buffers coupled to the XD-bus provide a system data bus (SD-bus) corresponding to the S-bus data portion. The I/O channel is coupled to the SD-bus while system ROM is coupled to the XD-bus. To accommodate the fact that the swapper is internal, the support chip provides independent direction control of the high and low order buffers between the XD-bus and the SD-bus.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/436,200, filed Nov. 13, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,125,080, issued Jun. 23, 1992.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to computer architecture, and more specifically to a single-chip support circuit for an AT-type computer.

The IBM AT personal computer defined an industry-standard architecture based on an 80286 microprocessor (available from AMD or Intel). The architecture is defined by a number of buses beyond the local bus (having data and address portions) from the microprocessor. These include an S-bus, an X-bus and an M-bus. The S-bus is created from the local bus and includes a 16-bit data portion and a 24-bit address portion. The X-bus is a buffered version of the S-bus and includes a 16-bit address portion and an 8-bit data portion. The M-bus is a buffered version of the S-bus and includes a 16-bit data portion.

The microprocessor communicates with an optional 80287 mathematics co-processor on the local bus. The S-bus is coupled to the I/O channel, and to buffers for the X-bus and the M-bus. The X-bus is coupled to a number of peripherals, including DMA controllers, I/O ports, and a keyboard controller. The M-bus is coupled to program and system memory elements. A swapper is provided between the high and low order bytes on the S-bus to allow the data appearing on one byte of the bus to be transferred to the other. This provides flexibility and permits efficient use of 8-bit devices in a 16-bit bus environment.

As the art of chip design has evolved, it has become possible to integrate functions that formerly required large numbers of chips on many circuit boards into a small number of chips on a single board.

However, achieving a high degree of integration is not simply a matter of drawing a big circle around all the boxes on the system block diagram and then designing the chip. Such apparently mundane factors as the current required by off-chip elements and the pin count come into play, and can pose formidable obstacles. For a one-chip or a few-chip design to be economically attractive, the chips must not be in such configurations as to require expensive, custom packages. It does no good to fit all the functionality onto a single chip and then find that the chip requires more pin connections than are available on economical packages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a support chip incorporating most of the AT core logic, thus making it possible to implement an AT-compatible microcomputer system with very few physical components. The support circuitry is packaged in a standard 160-pin package, and within this constraint provides an enhanced bus architecture.

The support chip of the present invention includes substantially all the AT core logic, namely most of the X-bus peripherals (except for the keyboard controller), memory controllers, and swapper. The normal AT data paths are altered to reduce the pin count, with a resulting surprising improvement in capability. The chip interfaces to the microprocessor's local address and data buses and provides a 16-bit data bus corresponding to a 16-bit version of the X-bus data portion (XD-bus). External buffers coupled to the XD-bus provide a system data bus (SD-bus) corresponding to the S-bus data portion. The I/O channel is coupled to the SD-bus while system ROM is coupled to the XD-bus. To accommodate the fact that the swapper is internal, the support chip provides independent direction control of the high and low order buffers between the XD-bus and the SD-bus.

The revised architecture provides a number of benefits. First, the XD-bus is 16 bits wide, and therefore can support 16-bit ROM and other 16-bit peripherals without having to multiplex the data onto an 8-bit bus. Second, the number of pins is reduced. Providing sufficient internal buffering to drive the SD-bus directly would have required a fairly large number of extra power and ground pins on the chip. Sufficient drive for the I/O channel is provided by the external buffers between the XD-bus and the SD-bus, and control of these buffers requires only two pins from the chip. The use of an SD-bus off the XD-bus rather than separate XD-bus and SD-bus from the chip itself represents a saving of 8 pins.

A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a conventional (prior art) AT system;

FIGS. 2A-D provide a simplified block diagram of the AT support chip of the present invention; and

FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of a microcomputer system incorporating the AT support chip of the present invention;

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Prior Art AT System

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram showing the major data and address paths in a prior art AT system 10. The basic system elements include a 80286 microprocessor 12, an optional 80287 math co-processor 15, system and program memory implemented as ROM 17 and RAM 20, an I/O channel 22, and a number of peripherals including a DMA controller 25, I/O ports 27, and a keyboard controller 30. The I/O channel provides slots on the bus into which are plugged cards for such devices as a video controller, hard disk controller, floppy disk controller, network card, or a CD-ROM controller.

Communication is established between various devices on a number of buses, including a local bus 32, a system bus (S-bus) 35, a memory bus (M-bus) 37, and a peripheral bus (X-bus) 40. Local bus 32 provides communication between microprocessor 12 and co-processor 15, and includes a 16-bit data portion (LD-bus) 32D and a 24-bit address portion (LA-bus) 32A. S-bus 35 includes a 16-bit data portion (SD-bus) 35D and a 24-bit address portion (SA-bus) 35A. M-bus 37 includes a 16-bit data portion (MD-bus) 37D and an 8-bit or 9-bit set of multiplexed address lines (MA-bus) 37A.

The local bus is coupled to the S-bus through L-S unidirectional latch buffers 45A (address portions) and L-S bidirectional buffers 45D (data portions). The S-bus is coupled to the M-bus by S-M multiplexers 47 (address portion) and S-M bidirectional buffers 48 (data portions). The S-bus is coupled to the X-bus by S-X bidirectional buffers 50A (address portions) and 50D (data portions). S-bus 35 is coupled to I/O channel 22; M-bus 37 is coupled to ROM 17 and RAM 20; and X-bus 40 is coupled to DMA controller 25, I/O ports 27, and keyboard controller 30. A swapper circuit 52 is coupled to SD-Bus 35D and allows the data on the high order byte to be put on the low order byte, or vice versa. This provides flexibility; for example, it allows the 8-bit XD-bus to communicate with either the high or low order byte of the SD-bus.

Due to the nature of the I/O channel devices, the SD-bus is a low impedance bus, and requires about 20 ma drive on each line. The reason for a separate XD-bus is that the devices that couple to the XD-bus have modest drive capability (about 2-4 ma on each line).

AT Support Chip

FIGS. 2A-D, taken together, provide a simplified block diagram of a support chip 100 according to the present invention. Chip 100 contains the core logic for implementing an AT-compatible computer system. The chip is implemented in a 1.5 micron CMOS process, and is packaged in a 160-pin plastic flat package (square). Appendix A is a table of the pin definitions. Each pin on chip 100 is provided with an internal receiver, driver, or transceiver, depending on whether it is an input pin, an output pin, or a bidirectional pin. The transceiver driver and receiver are typically capable of being individually enabled.

The chip has a set of bidirectional LA pins 102 for coupling to the 24-bit processor local address bus. The pin receivers drive an internal address bus (XIA-bus) 105, and a 16-bit latched version of the XIA-bus, referred to as LXIA-bus 107. The pin drivers are coupled to a 24-bit output address bus (XOA-bus) 110.

An internal data bus, referred to as IXD-bus 112, has high-order and low-order 8-bit segments 112H and 112L, and is coupled between a first set of bidirectional LD pins 113, adapted to couple to the processor's local data bus, and a second set of bidirectional XD pins 115 adapted to couple to an external 16-bit XD-bus to be discussed below. The low order driver to the local data bus is preceded by a latch.

A memory controller 116 is coupled to the XIA-bus and provides external signals for ROM address decoding, and for DRAM address and timing control. The DRAM control signals are provided on a set of ten multiplex address pins (external MA-bus), four row address strobe pins, and two column address strobe pins.

An integrated peripheral controller (IPC) 117 is coupled to the LXIA-bus and includes two DMA controllers, two interrupt controllers, a real time clock, and a timer/counter. An I/O decode module 120 is coupled to the LXIA-bus and provides select signals to control a set of ports and configuration, control, and status registers 122, which are coupled to the low order segment of the IXD-bus.

A bus controller 123 responds to cycles generated by the processor, and generates bus cycles for the external buses. Bus controller 123 provides bus commands, which are multiplexed with DMA commands from IPC 117 for output. A clock generator 125 receives signals from the processor and an off-chip oscillator and generates clock signals for the processor and the rest of the system. A reset generator 127 responds to a PWRGOOD signal from the external power supply, signifying that the voltage level is sufficient to provide reliable chip operation. The reset generator also responds to internal and external software reset signals.

A swapper 130 is coupled between the high and low order 8-bit segments of the IXD-bus, and operates to drive the data on one of the 8-bit segments onto the other 8-bit segment. The swapper comprises a set of drivers 130A and 130B, pointing in opposite directions between the two bus segments, and having individual enable inputs.

A data path control circuit 132 receives address information from I/O decode module 120 and provides internal and external control signals that define the data paths on the internal and external data buses. The internal control signals include signals for selectively enabling the XD drivers or receivers, for selectively enabling the swapper drivers, and for enabling the LD drivers and receivers. The external control signals are a pair of signals designated SDIRH and SDIRL, which are used to control the direction of external bidirectional buffers as will be discussed below.

As part of an effort to reduce the total pin count, a number of the pins on the chip, namely the DMA acknowledge output pins, are used as input pins to provide configuration information at power-on. More specifically, during a reset interval at power-on, the pin drivers from the DMA logic are disabled, and configuration signals are latched for use by other portions of the chip circuitry. The configuration signals are preferably provided by an active drive that is enabled only during the reset interval. Further details of this technique are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,622, issued Sep. 24, 1991, to Robert M. Pleva, titled "Power-On Strap Inputs." multifunction pins. More particularly, a given pin has different purposes, depending on the configuration of the system. This is accomplished by enabling different on-chip data paths to (or from) the pin, depending on configuration signals. As noted above, these configuration signals may be communicated to the chip during reset at power-on.

A specific example relates to the optional external real time clock (RTC). The DACK5* pin is used at power-on to determine whether the system includes an external RTC. If it does, the MFP5 pin is used to provide a chip select for the external RTC. If it doesn't, the MFP5 pin is used as a power sense for the internal RTC.

System Incorporating AT Support Chip

FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram illustrating the major data and address paths in a representative system 150 using support chip 100 according to the present invention. Elements corresponding to those in FIG. 1 will have the same reference numerals as FIG. 1.

Chip 100, due to the nature of its configuration, defines a different bus architecture from the standard AT computer. As in the prior art, the microprocessor 12 and co-processor 15 are coupled to the local bus, which also communicates with chip 100. As described above, chip 100 has sets of pins to define a 16-bit XD-bus 160 and a 10-bit set of multiplexed address lines (MA-bus) 165. XD-bus 160 communicates through a set of external X-S buffers 170 to a 16-bit SD-bus 172. SD-bus 172 drives I/O channel 22 in the manner of the system in FIG. 1. Chip 100 provides 4 ma drive on each XD line, which is sufficient for the X-bus, but typically not for the I/O channel.

RAM 20 is coupled to the local data bus through optional L-M data buffers 175 and receives its address information via MA-bus 165. ROM 17, which may be 8-bit or 16-bit ROM, is coupled to the relevant portion(s) of XD-bus, as are external keyboard controller 30 and an optional external real-time clock 180. The local address bus is coupled to an SA-bus 185 via L-S address buffers 187. ROM 22 receives its address information from the SA-bus.

X-S buffers 170 include separate high and low order transceivers 170L and 170H for the low-order and high-order bytes. Chip 100 provides a pair of lines 190 SDIRL and SDIRH for controlling the direction of transceivers 170L and 170H independently. The need for independent direction control of the high-byte and low-byte transceivers arises from the fact that the swapper is inside chip 100. One of many possible examples where the transceivers would have to point in opposite directions would be the case of an 8-bit channel device coupled to the low-order SD lines and a 16-bit master coupled to the entire 16-bit SD-bus. Assuming the master wants to read an odd byte from the device, it expects to receive it on the high-order SD lines. Therefore, the data must go toward chip 100 on the low order lines, get swapped by swapper 130 and transmitted to the master on the high order lines. Therefore, buffer 170L must point from the SD-bus to the chip while buffer 170H must point from the chip to the SD-bus. It is the responsibility of the data path control circuit on chip 100 to determine, based on the type of transaction, the states of SDIRL and SDIRH.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can be seen that the present provides a single-chip support circuit that provides a full 16-bit XD-bus (unbuffered except for low level buffers on the chip), and avoids the need for separate pinouts for the XD and SD buses. This is at the minimal expense of two pins to control the directions of the X-S buffers. By providing the buffers for SD-bus 172 off-chip, the need for many extra power and ground pins is avoided. This makes it possible to provide the full AT functionality within a commercially available 160-pin package.

While the above is a complete description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used. Therefore, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention which is defined by the claims.

    __________________________________________________________________________     APPENDIX A: 82C235 PIN DEFINITIONS                                             __________________________________________________________________________     PIN NAME TYPE                                                                               DRIVE                                                                               DESCRIPTION                                                  __________________________________________________________________________     LOCAL BUS INTERFACE:                                                           A0:23    I/O 4mA  Local address bus.                                           MODA0    O   4mA  I/O channel least significant                                                  address output. Used during                                                    conversions.                                                 MODA20   I/O 2mA  Modified A20.                                                LD15:0   I/O 2mA  Local data bus connection                                                      to 286 processor.                                            S0,S1    I        Status inputs from 80286.                                    M/IO*    I        Status input from 80286.                                     BHE*     I/O 2mA  Byte high enable input from                                                    80286.                                                       READY    I/O 2mA  Processor cycle extend                                                         command.                                                     HOLD     O   2mA  Processor cycle extend                                                         command.                                                     HLDA     I        Processor hold acknowledge.                                  NMI      O   2mA  Processor non-maskable                                                         interrupt request.                                           INTR     O   2mA  Processor maskable interrupt                                                   request.                                                     Numeric processor interface:                                                   BUSY*    O,D 2mA  Latched numeric processor busy                                                 status to 80286.                                             NPBZ*    I,D 4mA  Numeric processor busy status                                                  to 80287.                                                    NPCS*    O,D 2mA  Numeric processor chip select                                                  from 80287.                                                  ERROR*   I,D 4mA  Error status from 80287.                                     NPRST    O,D 2mA  Reset signal to 80287.                                       Memory Interface:                                                              MA0:9    O   4mA  Multiplexed DRAM address                                                       lines.                                                       RAS3*/RAST*                                                                             I/O 4mA  DRAM row address strobes.                                    RAS2*/RAS2C       These lines may be coded,                                    RAS1*/RAS1C       requiring an external data                                   RAS0*/RAS0C       selector. These lines are inputs                                               when an 82C212 is installed.                                 CASH*/HLDA1                                                                             O   4mA  DRAM column address strobes                                  CASL*/AF16*                                                                             I/O      or 82C212 interface. Selected                                                  by configuration pin.                                        PARH,PARL                                                                               I/O 4mA  Memory parity bits.                                          MWE*     O   8mA  DRAM write enable and buffer                                                   direction control.                                           ROMCS*   I/O 2mA  ROM address decode to ROM.                                                     Input when 82C212 is                                                           installed.                                                   Clocking:                                                                      CX1      I        Processor clock XTAL input.                                  CX2      O        Processor clock XTAL output.                                 PROCCLK  O   4mA  Processor clock output.                                      BUSCLK   O   4mA  Bus clock output.                                            OX1      I        OSC clock XTAL input.                                        OX2      O        OSC clock XTAL output.                                                         (14.318 MHz nominal)                                         XD0:15   I/O 4mA  Data to System Bus                                                             (normally buffered externally)                               XIOR*    I/O 8mA  System I/O read command.                                     XIOW*    I/O 8mA  System I/O write command.                                    XMEMR*   I/O 8mA  System memory read command.                                  XMEMW*   I/O 8mA  System memory write command.                                 LOMEGCS* O   4mA  Low Meg Chip Select.                                                           (used to build SMEMR & SMEMW)                                ALE      O   8mA  Address latch enable.                                        IOCHRDY  I/O 4mA  I/O channel cycle extend.                                    IOCHCHK* I        I/O channel error status.                                    IRQ3:7   I,D 2mA  I/O channel interrupt                                        IRQ9:12           requests. IRQ1,8 are MFP pins.                               IRQ14:15          IRQ13 is internal.                                           DREQ0:3  I,D 2mA  I/O channel DMA requests.                                    DREQ3:7                                                                                 DMA acknowledge outputs /                                                                     Reset configuration                                    DACK0*   O,C,D                                                                              4mA  DACK0* /                                                                             SENSE 0                                                DACK1*   O,C,D                                                                              4mA  DACK1* /                                                                             SENSE 1                                                DACK2*   O,C,D                                                                              4mA  DACK2* /                                                                             SENSE 2                                                DACK3*   O,C,D                                                                              4mA  DACK3* /                                                                             82C212 Not Installed                                   DACK5*   O,C,D                                                                              4mA  DACK5* /                                                                             RTC Not Installed                                      DACK6*   O,C,D                                                                              4mA  DACK6* /                                                                             8042 Installed                                         DACK7*   O,C,D                                                                              4mA  DACK7* /                                                                             8-Bit ROM                                              TC       O   2mA  DMA transfer terminal count.                                 MASTER*  I        Alternate bus master request.                                OWS/LBA* I        Zero Wait State request and                                                    Local Bus Access input signals.                              REFRESH* I/O 8mA  DRAM refresh.                                                IOCS16*  I/O 4mA  IO is 16-bits wide.                                          MEMCS16* I/O 4mA  Memory is 16-bits wide.                                      Miscellaneous:                                                                                   Multifunction pins:                                          MFP5     I/O 2mA   RTC CS*                                                                              / Power Sense                                         MFP4     I        INT8 (RTC)                                                                            / 32 kHz input                                        MFP3     I        CPURST2* (IN)                                                                           / (Sense)                                           MFP2     O   2mA  8042CS*  / (KBD data)                                        MFP1     I        GATEA20 (IN)                                                                            / (KBD clock)                                       MFP0     I        INT1 (KBD)                                                                              / (Keylock)                                         ADRL*    O   8mA  Address latch strobe                                         PWRGOOD  I        Power Good input from Power                                                    Supply.                                                      CPURST   O   2mA  Processor reset output.                                      XRST     O   2mA  I/O channel reset output.                                    SPKOUT   O   2mA  Speaker data out.                                            SDIRH    O   2mA  Channel Data bus control.                                    SDIRL             (logic 1 points buffer out)                                  Vcc      I        +5 volts                                                     Vss      I        0 volts                                                      Signal total:                                                                           150                                                                   Vcc total:                                                                               4                                                                    Vss total:                                                                               6                                                                    PIN TOTAL:                                                                              160                                                                   PIN LEGEND:                                                                             I = input                                                                      O = output                                                                     C = configuration                                                              D = diagnostic                                                        DRIVE LEGEND: mA rating is for CHIPS standard cells.                           __________________________________________________________________________     Pin Assignments                                                                __________________________________________________________________________     1 VSS    41                                                                               IOCHRDY                                                                              81 LMEGCS-                                                                               121                                                                               OX2                                              2 PROCCLK                                                                               42                                                                               IOCHCK-                                                                              82 MEMCS16-                                                                              122                                                                               OX1                                              3 CLK1   43                                                                               DACK3-                                                                               83 IOCS16-                                                                               123                                                                               SPKOUT                                           4 CLK2   44                                                                               DREQ3 84 IRQ10  124                                                                               REFRESH-                                         5 LA0    45                                                                               DACK2-                                                                               85 IRQ11  125                                                                               IRQ1                                             6 LA1    46                                                                               DREQ2 86 IRQ12  126                                                                               CPURSTIN                                         7 LA2    47                                                                               DACK1-                                                                               87 IRQ15  127                                                                               NPBZ-                                            8 LA3    48                                                                               DREQ1 88 IRQ14  128                                                                               ERROR-                                           9 LA4    49                                                                               IRQ9  89 DACK0- 129                                                                               GATEA20IN                                        10                                                                               LA5    50                                                                               IRQ7  90 DREQ0  130                                                                               8042CS-                                          11                                                                               LA6    51                                                                               IRQ6  91 DACK5- 131                                                                               NPCS-                                            12                                                                               LA7    52                                                                               IRQ5  92 DREQ5  132                                                                               NPRST                                            13                                                                               LA8    53                                                                               IRQ4  93 DACK6- 133                                                                               BUSY-                                            14                                                                               LA9    54                                                                               IRQ3  94 DREQ6  134                                                                               XRST                                             15                                                                               LA10   55                                                                               T/C   95 DACK7- 135                                                                               SDIRL                                            16                                                                               LA11   56                                                                               BUSCLK                                                                               96 DREQ7  136                                                                               SDIRH                                            17                                                                               LA12   57                                                                               BALE  97 MASTER-                                                                               137                                                                               ADRL-                                            18                                                                               LA13   58                                                                               SA0   98 MODA20 138                                                                               CPURST                                           19                                                                               VCC    59                                                                               VSS   99 VSS    139                                                                               VCC                                              20                                                                               LA14   60                                                                               XD0   100                                                                               CASL-  140                                                                               OSCI                                             21                                                                               LA15   61                                                                               XD1   101                                                                               CASH-  141                                                                               PS                                               22                                                                               VSS    62                                                                               VCC   102                                                                               VCC    142                                                                               VSS                                              23                                                                               LA16   63                                                                               XD2   103                                                                               NWE-   143                                                                               NMI                                              24                                                                               LA17   64                                                                               XD3   104                                                                               RAS3   144                                                                               INTR                                             25                                                                               LA18   65                                                                               XD4   105                                                                               RAS2   145                                                                               LD15                                             26                                                                               LA19   66                                                                               XD5   106                                                                               RAS1   146                                                                               LD7                                              27                                                                               LA20   67                                                                               XD6   107                                                                               RAS0   147                                                                               LD14                                             28                                                                               LA21   68                                                                               XD7   108                                                                               MA0    148                                                                               LD6                                              29                                                                               LA22   69                                                                               XD8   109                                                                               MA1    149                                                                               LD13                                             30                                                                               LA23   70                                                                               XD9   110                                                                               MA2    150                                                                               LD5                                              31                                                                               S0-    71                                                                               XD10  111                                                                               MA3    151                                                                               LD12                                             32                                                                               S1-    72                                                                               XD11  112                                                                               MA4    152                                                                               LD4                                              33                                                                               BHE-   73                                                                               XD12  113                                                                               MA5    153                                                                               LD11                                             34                                                                               M/IO-  74                                                                               XD13  114                                                                               MA6    154                                                                               LD3                                              35                                                                               CPUHLDA                                                                               75                                                                               XD14  115                                                                               MA7    155                                                                               LD10                                             36                                                                               HOLD   76                                                                               XD15  116                                                                               MA8    156                                                                               LD2                                              37                                                                               READY- 77                                                                               XMEMR-                                                                               117                                                                               MA9    157                                                                               LD9                                              38                                                                               ROMCS- 78                                                                               XMEMW-                                                                               118                                                                               PARL   158                                                                               LD1                                              39                                                                               PWRGOOD                                                                               79                                                                               XIOR- 119                                                                               PARH   159                                                                               LD8                                              40                                                                               OWS    80                                                                               XIOW- 120                                                                               VSS    160                                                                               LD0                                              __________________________________________________________________________ 

What is claimed is:
 1. A logic support chip for use in combination with (a) an external processor having local address and data buses, and (b) a pair of external 8-bit bidirectional buffers, referred to as the external buffers, to implement an AT-compatible microcomputer system, the microcomputer system being characterized by a low-impedance 16-bit data bus, designated the SD-bus, and a high-impedance data bus, designated the XD-bus, the chip comprising:a first set of pins adapted to be coupled to the external processor's local data bus, said first set of pins defining a first data bus interface; a second set of 16 pins adapted to be coupled to the external buffers via an external 16-bit XD-bus, said second set of pins defining a second data bus interface; an internal 16-bit data bus coupled between said first and second sets of pins; said internal data bus and the external XD-bus each having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; a third set of pins, including first and second direction control pins adapted to be coupled to direction control inputs on the external buffers; swapper means, coupled between said high-order and low-order segments of said internal data bus and responsive to swapper control signals, for directing data on either segment of said internal data bus onto the other segment of said internal data bus; and data path control means, coupled to said swapper means and said first and second direction control pins, for generating said swapper control signals and a pair of direction control signals, said direction control signals being provided to said direction control pins and being adapted to control the respective directions of the external buffers.
 2. The chip of claim 1 wherein the chip has a total number of pins that is no more than
 160. 3. An AT-compatible computer comprising:a microprocessor having local address and data buses; an external 16-bit XD-bus, said external XD-bus having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; an external 16-bit SD-bus, said external SD-bus having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; said XD-bus and said SD-bus being characterized by respective impedances, the impedance of said XD-bus being significantly higher than the impedance of said SD-bus; a first bidirectional buffer coupling the higher-order segments of said XD-bus and said SD-bus; a second bidirectional buffer coupling the low-order segments of said XD-bus and said SD-bus; each buffer having a respective direction control input; a single-chip support circuit, referred to as the chip, the chip having a first set of address pins coupled to said local address bus, a first set of data pins coupled to said local data bus, a second set of data pins coupled to said XD-bus, and a set of direction control pins coupled to said first and second bidirectional buffers; an internal address bus on the chip; an internal data bus on the chip, said internal data bus having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; a set of address transceivers located on the chip and coupled between said internal address bus and said first set of address pins; a first set of data transceivers located on the chip and coupled between said internal data bus and said first set of data pins; a second set of data transceivers located on the chip and coupled between said internal data bus and said second set of data pins; a swapper circuit on the chip, interposed between the high-order and low-order segments of said internal data bus, said swapper being operable, in response to swapper control signals, to drive data appearing on one of the 8-bit segments of said internal data bus onto the other 8-bit segment of said internal data bus; and a data path control circuit on the chip, coupled to said swapper circuit and to said direction control pins, for providing (a) direction control signals to said first and second bidirectional buffers, and (b) internal control signals to said swapper circuit.
 4. The computer of claim 3 wherein said microprocessor is an
 80286. 5. The computer of claim 3 wherein said data path control circuit is able to provide signals to said first and second bidirectional buffers and said swapper to permit data on one segment of said external SD-bus to be communicated onto the corresponding segment of said XD-bus, onto the corresponding segment of said internal data bus, through said swapper, onto the other segment of said internal data bus, onto the other segment of said XD-bus, and onto the other segment of said SD-bus.
 6. The computer of claim 3 wherein said support chip has a total of no more than 160 pins.
 7. The computer of claim 3, and further comprising DRAM memory coupled to said local data bus.
 8. The computer of claim 3 wherein none of said chip's data transceivers is capable of driving said SD-bus.
 9. A logic support chip for use in combination with (a) an external processor having local address and data buses, and (b) a pair of external 8-bit bidirectional buffers, referred to as the external buffers, to implement an AT-compatible microcomputer system, the microcomputer system being characterized by a 16-bit data bus, designated the SD-bus, and a data bus, designated the XD-bus, the SD-bus and the XD-bus being characterized by respective drive current requirements, the drive current requirement for the SD-bus being greater than that for the XD-bus, the chip comprising:a first set of pins adapted to be coupled to the external processor's local data bus, said first set of pins defining a first data bus interface; a second set of 16 pins adapted to be coupled to the external buffers via an external 16-bit XD-bus, said second set of pins defining a second data bus interface having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; a third set of pins, including first and second direction control pins adapted to be coupled to direction control inputs on the external buffers; a fourth set of pins adapted to be coupled to the processor's local address bus; data transfer means, coupled to said first and second sets of pins, for providing selective bidirectional coupling between said high-order 8-bit segment and said low-order 8-bit segment, and between said first set of pins and said second set of pins; said data transfer means having drivers coupled to said second set of pins, said drivers being capable of meeting the drive current requirement for the XD-bus but not that for the SD-bus; and means, responsive to at least some signals on said fourth set of pins, for generating a pair of direction control signals, said direction control signals being provided to said direction control pins and being adapted to control the respective directions of the external buffers.
 10. The chip of claim 9 wherein said first set of pins has 16 pins.
 11. The chip of claim 9 wherein said data transfer means comprises:an internal 16-bit data bus having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; and first and second sets of transceivers coupling said internal data bus to said first and second sets of pins, respectively.
 12. The chip of claim 11 wherein said data transfer means further comprises:a data swapper coupled between said high-order and low-order segments of said internal data bus, operable to direct data on either segment of said internal data bus onto the other segment of said internal data bus.
 13. The chip of claim 9 wherein said first and second data bus interfaces are the chip's only data bus interfaces.
 14. The chip of claim 9 wherein the chip has a total number of pins that is no more than
 160. 15. An AT-compatible computer comprising:a microprocessor having local address and data buses; an external 16-bit XD-bus, said external XD-bus having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; an external 16-bit SD-bus, said external SD-bus having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; said SD-bus and said XD-bus being characterized by respective drive current requirements, the drive current requirement for said SD-bus being greater than that for said SD-bus; a first bidirectional buffer coupling the high-order segments of said XD-bus and said SD-bus; a second bidirectional buffer coupling the low-order segments of said XD-bus and said SD-bus; each buffer having a respective direction control input; a single-chip support circuit, referred to as the chip, the chip having a first set of data pins, a second set of data pins, and a set of direction control pins; an internal data bus on the chip, said internal data bus having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; a first set of data transceivers, located on the chip, for interfacing said internal data bus to said local data bus at said first set of data pins; a second set of data transceivers, located on the chip, for interfacing said internal data bus to said XD-bus at said second set of data pins; a swapper circuit on the chip, interposed between the high-order and low-order segments of said internal data bus, said swapper being operable, in response to swapper control signals, to drive data appearing on one of the 8-bit segments of said internal data bus onto the other 8-bit segment of said internal data bus; and a data path control circuit on the chip, for providing (a) direction control signals to said first and second bidirectional buffers, and (b) internal swapper control signals to said swapper circuit.
 16. The computer of claim 15 wherein said microprocessor is an
 80286. 17. The computer of claim 16 wherein said microprocessor is an 80286 and said chip has a total number of pins that is no more than
 160. 18. The computer of claim 15 wherein the chip further comprises:a first set of address pins; an internal address bus; and a set of address transceivers for interfacing said internal address bus to said local address bus at said first set of address pins.
 19. The computer of claim 15 wherein said second set of data transceivers is characterized by drivers capable of meeting the drive current requirement for said XD-bus but not said SD-bus.
 20. An AT-compatible computer comprising:a microprocessor having local address and data buses; an external 16-bit XD-bus, said external XD-bus having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; an external 16-bit SD-bus, said external SD-bus having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; said SD-bus and said XD-bus being characterized by respective drive current requirements, the drive current requirement for said SD-bus being greater than that for said SD-bus; a first bidirectional buffer coupling the high-order segments of said XD-bus and said SD-bus; a second bidirectional buffer coupling the low-order segments of said XD-bus and said SD-bus; each buffer having a respective direction control input; a single-chip support circuit, referred to as the chip, the chip having a first set of data pins, a second set of data pins, and a set of direction control pins; a first set of pins adapted to be coupled to the external processor's local data bus, said first set of pins defining a first data bus interface; a second set of 16 pins adapted to be coupled to the external buffers via an external 16-bit XD-bus, said second set of pins defining a second data bus interface having high-order and low-order 8-bit segments; a third set of pins, including first and second direction control pins adapted to be coupled to direction control inputs on the external buffers; data transfer means, coupled to said first and second sets of pins, for providing selective bidirectional coupling between said high-order 8-bit segment and said low-order 8-bit segment, and between said first set of pins and said second set of pins; and a data path control circuit on the chip, for providing (a) direction control signals to said first and second bidirectional buffers, and (b) internal control signals to said data transfer means.
 21. The computer of claim 20 wherein said microprocessor is an
 80286. 22. The computer of claim 21 wherein said microprocessor is an 80286 and said chip has a total number of pins that is no more than
 160. 23. The computer of claim 20 wherein the chip further comprises:a first set of address pins; an internal address bus; and a set of address transceivers for interacting said internal address bus to said local address bus at said first set of address pins.
 24. The computer of claim 20 wherein said second set of data transceivers is characterized by drivers capable of meeting the drive current requirement for said XD-bus but not said SD-bus. 